The Death of Gessi Pasha. 429 ment believe that the natives were all rebels, and obliged the Government to maintain large armies, and vspeud considerable sums, which ended by being pocketed by Yussuf Bey, Atroush, and Idris Bey.

" As to the natives, they are the most peaceful, laborious, and gentle creatures in the world. It is true that these poor people now and then defend themselves against those who rob them of their wives and children ; but what would an Arab do if anyone carried off his son ?

" During the war we had clear proofs that it was the Arabs and not the natives who revolted. The negroes helped the Grovernment, fighting, carrying our materials, and assisting us under all circumstances. Is it not therefore the duty of the Government to protect these their faithful subjects, and watch over their safety and domestic peace ?

" I know that, with the intent of exciting your Excellency against me, it has been said that I labour to exclude the Arab element, and prepare the people to gain one day or other their independence. Nothing can be more false, and the best proof is, that I have founded schools in which the children of the slaves are educated, enabling them to influence their families beneficially, teaching them to Avorship a Supreme Being, and everything else that is necessary to lead the growing generation on the path of civilization and social order.

" Before my time an Arab travelled from one village to another, and found them all empty and no one left to offer him a cup of water. Now the traveller is always welcome. He finds food and lodging, and no native thinks of deserting his home, being sure that the law will protect him.

" The Atot tribe, between Shambe and Ayak, had preserved its independence for twenty-seven years, living by brigandage, attacking the villages dependent on the Government, and assassinating the porters. I was obliged to attack the Atots, and