A RETROSPECT Conclusions of the Retrospect — England's occupation due to accident not to any deliberate design — Benefits Egypt has derived from British occupation — Extraordinary growth of wealth — Improved conditions of the fellaheen — General sense of security caused by belief in permanence of British occupation — Native sentiment towards our occupation — " Tommy Atkins " the true regenerator of Eg>'pt — Ismail's saying about unchangeability of Egypt.

In the above pages I have endeavoured to give a consecutive account of the chain of events which has gradually converted Egypt from an independent State, subject to the nominal Suzerainty of the Sultan, into what may be fitly called an annexe of the British Empire, enjoying independence in name but occupied by British troops and practically administered by British officials. If I have succeeded in my object, I think I must have made the following conclusions clear to my readers.

The establishment of British supremacy over Egypt has not been brought about in accordance with any settled design or deliberate purpose on the part of England. On the contrary, intervention was forced upon England by a series of causes, for which she was in no sense responsible. Even after intervention had been forced upon her, England