THE "CONDOMINIUM." 503 for South Africa, he was succeeded, both in the Sirdarship and the Governorship, by Sir Francis Wingate. There are obvious reasons why, so long as the Soudan is of all Egyptian territory the province most likely to be the scene of military operations, the English Gommander-in-Chief of the Egyptian army and the English Governor of the Soudan should, under the "Condominium," be one and the same person. What would happen if, in his dual capacity, the Sirdar received orders from the Khedivial Government inconsistent with the instructions sent to him, as Governor, by the British Government, is one of the many hypothetical questions which may be asked concerning the complicated relations of England to Egypt under an una vowed Protectorate. In theory, the question is one impossible to answer. In practice, the answer is to be found in the fact that in any issue between two distinct authorities, the stronger of the two necessarily carries the day.

Up to the present the Soudan has been governed by a despotism as absolute, as that of Russia or Turkey, though more enlightened. The will of the Governor is law ; and from his will there is no appeal, except to himself. Until the country is pacified, no other system of rule is possible. But with the restoration of order and public tranquillity, the Soudan cannot be kept much longer closed to the outer world. When once its doors are opened, there will be a rapid influx of tourists, traders, and speculators, chiefly of Levantine or Greek nationality, who will constitute an independent