AFTER THE MUTINY.. 307 the authors of a defeated rebellion. In the Eastl there was only one possible answer to such a question. \ The mutiny, initiated and organized by Arabi and his associates, was a distinct violation of their military duty, as well as an act of treason towards their Sovereign. The mutineers had tried, and failed ; and by the laws of the Ottoman Empire, the only punishment for such a crime is death. What is more important than the letter of the law, public opinion in the East endorsed the enforcement of the legal penalty. If Arabi had succeeded, no Oriental would have blamed him if he had deposed the Khedive and sentenced him to death. As Arabi had failed, even his own partisans held that he had got to suffer for his failure. This was undoubtedly the opinion of the Khedive and his Ministers.

Tewfik Pasha was an amiable, kindly-natured man in ordinary life. But still he was an Oriental Prince, imbued with Oriental ideas, the ruler of a people to whom these ideas commended themselves strongly. Knowing him, as I did well in after years, I cannot doubt that if he had been left a free hand, he would have punished the men, who had risen in revolt against his authority, with stern and prompt severity. No consideration of any encouragement, he might have given them under compulsion, would have stayed his hand. Not one of the men who had conspired for his deposition, if not for his death, would have been left alive to tell the tale. For the leading officers who had mutinied, there could.