270 THE STORY OF THE KHEDIVATE.

of such common occurrence under the third Republic, and M. de Freycinet succeeded to the Premiership. The new Premier was guided in his Egyptian policy by M. de Lesseps, who was a strong partisan — if not of Arabi personally — of the old order of things under Ismail's rule, and who contended that the true interest of France was to leave England to incur alone the risk and unpopularity of resisting the national movement in Egypt. The only measure which, under the changed position of affairs, suggested itself to Lord Granville, was to send out a circular, requesting the various European Powers to deliberate in common as to the settlement of the Egyptian Question. Time went by, and neither France nor England made sign of any intention to carry out the veiled threat of intervention contained in the joint note. Sir Edward Malet, our then Consul-General in Egypt, kept on urging the necessity for action, if Egypt were not to be allowed to pass under the control of a military dictatorship. /JBut . his representations met with no response. I Tewfik became convinced that neither France nor \ England were prepared to intervene for his protection.

I Under these circumstances, he had practically no choice, except to come to the terms with the insurgent leaders. By their orders, the Chamber of Notables I \ sent a deputation to the Palace, demanding the dismissal of the Cherif Ministry. Tewfik raised no objection, and Mahmoud Sami, the leader of the mutiny, was appointed Prime Minister, while Arabi ''" became Minister of War. Thus within a year the I