THE DUAL CONTROL. 249 governorship. I have little doubt they one and all richly deserved their fate, but they naturally entertained the bitterest animosity not only towards the ruler who had destroyed their trade and cowed them for a time into submission, but towards the Government in whose name he had ruled. In the days before Gordon, the Soudan had acquiesced contentedly enough in the sovereignty of Egypt. But after Gordon left — having, as he imagined, crushed the slave trade — the Dervishes determined to declare their independence. It was under the Dual Control thaf the military mutiny broke out under Arabi in Cairo, and that the Mahdi commenced the insurrectionJwhich Mr. Gladstone, with characteristic ignorance of all Eastern affairs, described in the House of Commons as the struggle " of a gallant people, rightly struggling to be free."