CONTENTS. xi
I'AGK
THE SECOND STAGE OF INTERVENTION i6o
Ismail proposes a compromise to the creditors of Egypt and issues a decree appointing Commission of the Public Debt — Proposal accepted
by France, Austria, and Italy — England refuses to nominate a member of the Commission — Compromise rejected by French bondholders — International courts declare compromise invalid — Egyptian defeat in war with Abyssinia — Action of Nubar Pasha in Europe — Appointment of Commission of Inquiry — Publication of article in Nineteefith Century — ^True causes of Eg}'ptian debt.
THE ANGLO-FRENCH MINISTRY 189
Khedive establishes responsible Government in Egypt — Appoints Nubar Pasha Premier — Mr. Rivers Wilson Minister of Finance, and M. de Bligni^res Minister of Public Works.
THE COUP D'ETAT ' 206 Reassembling of Commission of Inquiry — Ministry propose to post-
pone payment of various short loans — Ismail protests against proposal and dismisses his foreign Ministers — England and France decline to interfere.
THE DEPOSITION OF ISMAIL PASHA 213
Germany intervenes to uphold the authority of the International
courts — England, France, and Germany then call on the Sultan to depose the Khedive — Sultan issues orders for Ismail's deposition —
Ismail's interview with Tewfik on resigning the throne — The ex- Khedive leaves Egypt — His life in exile.
EGYPT UNDER LIQUIDATION 227 • Accession of Tewfik — Nomination of Dual Control — Financial
difficulties — Appointment of Commission of Liquidation — Summary of
their report — The estate of Ismail Pasha Sadyk.
THE DUAL CONTROL 243
Tewfik's attempt at retrenchment — Economics introduced under the Dual Control — Difficulties of foreign administration — Discontent in the Soudan — Causes of the slave trade.
THE ARABI MUTINY 250
Origin of the Mutiny — Wholesale reduction of army — ^Jealousy between Circassian and Egyptian officers— Understanding between
Ismail and the discontented officers — Appointment of Mahmoud Sami
as Minister of War — Order to arrest the "three colonels" — Troops inter\'ene to prevent arrest — Emeutc before AMin palace.