A.D. 1493—1786. 229 in tiie country, while others emigrated into the mountains of Fazogli and Kordofan. Those who remained embraced Islamism, intermarried with their conquerors, and, losing their language and nationality, were soon lost in the tribes known collectively under the name of Fung.

Of these tribes some settled in towns, while others retained their nomad habits, such as the (1) Khamir, (2) Rebia, (.•}) Kakhtan, (4) Kenana, (5) Kawahla, (6) Geheina, (7) Beni Shaker, (8) Beni Ziban, (9) Beni Abbas. From this last have descended the Kababish, Ferara, Beni Selim, and Ahamda. The latter two tribes are Baggara, or owners of cattle and horses. (Vide p. 179 and Appendix F.)

Some of these tribes are now to be found along the banks of the White and Blue Niles. In 1523 Amara Dunkas was succeeded by his son Abdul Kader. a.d. 1523. In 1539 Abdul Kader was succeeded by his son Nule. a.d. 1639. In 1545 Nule was succeeded by his son Amara. a.d. l.')45. Amara was sxirnamed Abu Sakakin ; during his reign Sheikh Abdalla Gem;ia died, leaving the Province of Keri to his son.

In 1553 Amara died. Between that date and 1596 four kings, all of the family of Dunkas, succeeded each other, a.d. 15.53. In 1596, in the reign of Adlan, Sheikh Agib, a descendant of Gem;ia and Governor of Keri, rebelled. Adlan a.d. 1590. defeated him near Alati. His children fled to Dongola, whither Adlan sent Sheikh Idris to offer them a free pardon and invite them to Sennar They came, and Adlan invested the eldest with the Government of Keri.

This emissary of Adlan's, Sheikh Idris, was celebrated for his ability. He is also said to have lived to the great age of 147. During this reign many learned men came from Cairo and Baghdad.

In 1603 Adlan was succeeded by his son Baadi. a-d- 1603. In 1606 Baadi was succeeded by his son Rubat. a.d. 1006. In 1635 Rubat was succeeded by his son Baadi Abu Dign (Father of the Beard). a.d. 1635. This King attacked the Shilluk negroes and took a large number of slaves. The Shilluk inhabited the country on both sides of the White Nile south of Kawa. Thence he invaded the mountains of Tagale and destroyed Kordofan, where he again took a large number of slaves. On his return to Sennar he built a number of villages in that district for his prisoners.

The prisoners named these villages after those they had left, hence the number of villages now near Sennar with names similar to those in the Jebel Nuba, Tagale, and other districts about Kordofan.

In time these slaves supplied the Kings of Fung with recruits for their armies. Besides his warlike enterprise, Baadi built the mosque now at Sennar, and furnished it with copper window bars. In 1671 he died, and was succeeded by his son Ansu. During this reign there was a great famine and an outbreak a.d. 1671. of small-pox.

In 1683 Ansu was succeeded by his son Baadi el Ahmar. In this reign a number of the Fung tribes and the people a.d. 1683. of Keri under their prince, rebelled, but they were defeated with great slaughter, and the Prince of Keri was killed. Sheikh Hamed Walad el Terabi, a celebrated Sheikh, lived during this reign. His tomb is now at Sennar.

In 1699 Dr. Poncet, a French physician, on his way to Abyssinia visited Sennar, and found it a powerful kingdom in a flourishing condition.

In 1710 Baadi was succeeded by his son Ansu II. This monarch caused such great dissatisfaction by his extravagance a.d. 1710. and debauchery that the Southern Fungs revolted, deposed the King, and placed a noble called Nur on the throne. This happened in 1714.

In 1719 Nur was succeeded by his son Gaadi Abu Shilluk. In this reign the Abyssinian King Kedem Yasu invaded a.d. 1710. Sennar with a large army. He was, however, defeated with great slaughter by Sheikh Amin, near the village of Tekiya on the Dinder River. It is said that the reason for this invasion was that some presents sent by the King of France .to Abyssinia had been seized by King Baadi.

After this great victory the renown of Sennar spread in all directions, and eventually reached Constantinople. Crowds of learned and celebrated men flocked into the country from Arabia, Egypt, and India. Notwithstanding this, in 1758 Baadi, owing to his bad administration was deposed and exiled. He was succeeded by his son Nasser.

1758.— Under his rule the Hameg tribe became very powerful, and the Fung lost a great deal of their influence a.d. 1758. and prestige. In 1765 Nasser was killed by a rebellious vassal, and was succeeded by his son Ismail.

In 1774 Ismail was deposed, exiled to Suakin, and succeeded by his son Adlan. During this reign many intertribal ■*"■ ' ' '■*• wars went on both in Sennar and Kordofan,* and the power and influence of the Hameg grew so great that they eventually became the masters of the King.

In 1786 Adlan was deposed by the Hameg, and the kingdom of the Fung totally disappeared. Anarchy pre\-ailed a.d. 1786. throughout the country, and the kings succeeded each other in such rapid succession that in the year 1788 four kings successively reigned. During the succeeding 33 years of anarchy the Hameg continued supreme, and under Sheikh Nasser they devastated the northern and eastern part of the Sudan with fire and sword.

* Vide p. 184 (Daifur). 2 II 2