Kordofan.

183 Tiang are plentiful in S. and S.E. and in Kaja and Foga districts ; there is a different species to that found on the White NUe, etc., which has been identified as the " Damaliscus korrigum" of West Africa, vide App. C. Oryx (white) are found in Dar Hamid and Kaja districts.

Ril or Addra Gazelle are found all over Northern and North- Western Kordofan, but are local. They are not found elsewhere in the Sudan.

Addax are found north of Jebel Fas. Rare.

Ariel are found near Gabra and as far south as Fachi Shoya, but not very far west of White Nile. White-eared cob {Cobus leucotis) are found on the White Nile and in Dar Jange. Mrs. Gray's waterbuck are found in Dar Jange. Waterbuck (two kinds) are found on the White Nile and in Dar Homr. Reedbuck are found in Southern Kordofan.

Oribi, duiker, dig-dig, bushbuck, gazelle (four kinds) and warthog are found in most places south and south-west of Keilak.

Gazelle (three kinds), viz., Rufifrons, Dorcas, and Isabella, are plentiful in various part of Kordofan.

The " harnessed antelope " and eland are said to exist in the south. Hares, quail, partridge, jungle-fowl, bustard (four kinds), and guinea-fowl are plentiful in the south up to Snmll Game. January.

5. Climate and Health.

The year in Kordofan is divided into three seasons, viz. : — The Kharif, or rainy season, wliich commences usually about 15th of June and lasts until the end of September. The Shita, or cold weather, from the beginning of October to the end of February. The Self, or hot weather, from March to the middle of June.

The Rainy Season.* — Towards the middle of June the wind changes to the south, and heavy clouds begin to collect in that quarter. These, in a very few days, bring a storm of rain, usually heralded by strong wind, clouds of dust and sand, and thunder and lightning. These storms appear every two or three days. Although a steady rain falls, occasionally for 24 days, it usually comes in the form of stormy showers. As the result of these showers, by the end of July, the ground, even in the villages and around Government buildings, become covered with rank green vegetation, which defies all efforts to destroy it. The rank smell from this grass, the numerous frogs, toads, and other reptiles it harbours, and the general lassitude produced by these surroundings, render life anything but enjoyable during the day, whilst sleep inside one's house is rendered well nigh impossible at night by the steamy moistures of the air and attacks of sand flies and mosquitos.

The Cold Weather. — Towards the end of September the wind begins to blow from the north and a great change takes place. The fever decreases, until by the end of November there are only a few cases in hospital. The weather is delightfully cool and the breezes bracing and refreshing.

The Hot Weather. — The heat in El Obeid and Western Kordofan is not as great as in other parts of the Sudan ; the maximum temperature being rarely above 106° Fahr., whilst the nights remain delightfully cool until the rains appear.

Altitude above the sea level, compiled by Major Prout, 1876 : — "[■ Feet. Helba 1,381 xxcxua . . . . Bara . .

1,622 Wells 20 feet deep. El Obeid 1,919 „ 80-130 „ „ Faki Don 1,74.3 „ 120 „ „ Hamdaui 1,734 „ 110 „ „ Magenis 1,820 80 „ „ Um Dobau 1,704 15 „ „ Gumburra 1,853 Tibri 2,072 Um Ratali 1,994 Shitangul 1,998 Aboir Tine 1,789 Abu Sinun Hella 1,928 * The rainfall at El Obeid from March to October, 1904, amounted to 12-16 inche.s ; the maximum temperatures registered in 1904 were 108° in April and 107° in May, the lowest being 45° in February, t Some of theMe names are not now recognisable.