The Ujyper Pilar. 151 were at an end. I would here remark that perhaps for nine months in the year, for a large party to cross this bit of country from Boma to the Sacchi, by the route followed by us, would be a most risky undertaking owing to the extreme scarcity of water. The many watercourses shown on the map were found to be almost without exception merely dry stony beds in which no water was procurable by digging. Fortunately, about the 20th March, rain had fallen to the east of where we then were, and by extraordinary good luck we subsequently found pools at intervals, after long continued search. One point worthy of note is that, in spite of previous rain, we seldom found water in the actual nullah beds, as, owing to their stony nature, the water runs off at once. What water was found was nearly always in depressions some distance away from the banks of these nullahs, where the clayey soil prevented percolation, and retained water in pools until it became evaporated in due course by the hot sun.

On our previous visit to Lake Rudolf from the south, our old Suk guide, Nyanga by name, had on several occasions pointed out to me the striking Naita peak away to the north-west, and told me that the country thereabouts was the most dreadful one he knew for scarcity of water. I believed him, as he was about the most knowledgable and intelligent native of his class regarding the geography of the country that I have ever met. His information had now been verified by us, and it was with a sigh of relief we found the Sacchi a running stream. To the Swahilis the tract of country Sacchi we had traversed was always known as Donyiro, which name appears on the map prepared by the Macdonald expedition, river.

From very imperfect data I am inclined to think that between our southerly route from Boma and the valley of the Sacchi the escarpment we skirted is the edge of a fine hilly plateau,* varying in height probably from 3,000 to 5,000 feet above sea level. I imagine all that tract of country to be a fertile and probably well-watered region, very much like Boma itself. Whether it is thickly populated it is difficult to say, as the country is absolutely unknown to Europeans, but to traverse it from north to south and east to west with mule transport would probably be most interesting. It would probably be almost too difficult for any pack animals except mules and perhaps donkeys. The much talked of gold, which is discussed by our Swahilis as existing in those parts, might also be found, although I must admit we never saw any gold ornaments worn by natives in the plains bordering that country.

In Sudan territory south of the Sobat the following species are known to exist : Elephant, buffalo, giraffe, Game, rhinoceros, zebra roan-antelope, waterbuck, Mrs. Grey's waterbuck {cobus maria), white-eared cob {cobus leucotis), Uganda cob, bushbuck, reedbuck, Jackson's hartebeeste, tiang, lion, leopard, etc.

(g) The Ui)per Pibor.

In August, 1904, the head waters of the so-called Pibor were explored by Lieutenant D. C. Comyn, Black General. Watch. It was found that 17 miles above the Akobo junction the river bifurcated, one branch known as the Agweif apparently coming from the E. and S.E., the other, known by the Anuaks as Nyanabek, by the Nuers as Kang, and by the Agibbas as Natila, from the S. and S.W.

Following the latter branch, without encountering any serious sudd obstructions, Lieutenant Comyn succeeded, with the aid of a steam launch, in reaching a point which appeared to him to be very near the source of this important feeder of the Pibor.

The flooded plain in which the river seemingly has its origin, is according to Lieutenant Comyn's sketch, about Source. 60 miles due E. of Bor, and 170 miles by river above the Akobo junction.

The banks of the Natila are as a rule ill-defined, swampy and sudd-fringed ; in places they appear to be as much Banks, as 200 to 2.50 yards apart.

Almost throughout its course the banks were more or less inundated, the left bank being usually the higher, and in its upper reaches the plain was flooded to a depth of a foot or more for many miles round.

The water-way varied from 20 to 70 yards in width, and about 20 miles above the Akobo junction, what Water-way. appeared to be a sudd-covered lake, some 800 yards broad and 6 miles in length, was traversed by a deep and tortuous channel 20 to 30 yards wide.

The average depth for the first 130 miles was found to be about 20 feet, but in the next 40 miles the river Depth, gradually shoaled to about 15 inches, and the direction of its course was then only faintly distinguishable by the band of light-green grass which blocked its bed and precluded further progress.

The current varied from | to 2 miles per hour, the rise and fall of the river apparently depending largely on the Current, local rainfall. In the dry season the plain, and, according to the Agibbas, the river itself dries up.

Fuel is plentiful everywhere, the river being fringed with a belt of talh and heglig trees for the greater part of Fuel, its course.

* MenMis. Kulpptt and .lessen reached a point about .30 n.iles N.N.E. of Mount Naita in June, 1904, and report that this plateau appeared very rocky and cut up by water courses, which contained water in pools in .June. The land seemed uninhabitable and unsuited to cultivation.

+ For description, vide p. 136.