Rahad. 115 trees, and further inland talh, heglig, etc. Bordering its upper reaches are heglig, silag, khashkhash, ardeib, tebeldis, gemmeiz, etc.

There are few villages at present above Hawata (right bank), and consequently there is no regular path, though Villages, the bush has been to a certain extent cleared. Travelling along the river above Shammara, though practicable, is a difficult operation, more especially before the grass is burnt.

The flood reaches the Blue Nile about the first week in July, and water ceases to flow at the mouth by the end Fl<x>d. of November. High water is said to last 90 days from about mid- July.

The river, when in flood, is navigable for small steamers throughout, but its comparatively narrow bed, combined with very sharp and frequent bends, militate against successfid navigation by sailing boats.

Mr. Armbruster navigated the river in the stern-wheeler Amara from its mouth to Meshra Abid (420 miles) in .\ugust, 1904. On the way down stream navigation was only effected with considerable difficulty and serious damage to the steamer, owing to the rate of the current — 6 miles per hour at .A.bid and 3 miles per hour at Sherif Yagub — as well as to the extreme sharpness of the bends, at which there were often rocks and large overhanging trees.

Navigability.

Table of Distances on the Blue Nile.

luterraediate. Total from Khartoum.

Place Miles. Kilometres.

Miles.

Kilometres.

Khartoum (Palace) 0 0 0 0 Soba 14 22i 14 22 Eilafun 4 6| 18 29 El Masid ... 20 32 38 61 Kaniliu 23 37 61 98 Riifaa 33i 53 9 151 Abu Haraz...

23" 37 1171 188| Mouth of Rahad 5 8 122| 197 Wad Medai.i i 1 123 198 Mouth of Diniler 40' 64 163 262 Wad El Abb.Ls 30 48 11)3 31 Oi Sennar 20 32 213 342j Senga 53 85 266 428" Karkoj 21 34 287 462 Abu Naania 22 3r4 309 497i Roseires 73 1171 382 615' Famaka 52 83i 434 698J