BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 133 OLIVIER PAIN.

Pain’s career has been one of extraordinary adventure. During the Commune he was made Secretary-General for Foreign Affairs, and escaped with Rochefort, whose acquaintance he first made when the latter was in prison under thfe Empire. During the Russo-Turkish war Pain joined Osman Pasha, and fought against Russia. He fvas captured by the Roumanians, and, cast into a Russian prison, whence he was liberated through the intervention of the Swiss Government, which was influenced by his friend Rochefort. Pain was stated to be a Swiss and a journalist, and thus the Emperor Alex¬ ander II. was constrained to give the ex-Communist his liberty. After the amnesty Pain returned to Paris, and left for the Soudan and joined the 'Mahdi.