142 REVIEW—TROPICAL MEDICINE, ETC.
cleans the sore and uses 10 per cent. ferropyrin solution to stop the bleeding. Thereafter the sore is well moistened with 50 per cent. solution of bimuriate of quinine and collodion dressing applied. The same procedure is repeated daily until complete cure results; at the same time, it is sometimes advisable to inject quinine into the periphery of the sore. By this treatment a complete cure usually results in from 7 to 11 days.
He also cites the recent work of Schulgin, who advocates freezing of the sore with ether. This procedure, tried in 300 cases, yielded very good results.
Two French papers may be cited, though they are mainly of a confirmatory nature, as regards the discovery of Wright’s parasite.
Mesnil, Nicolle and Remlinger! describe it as discovered in Aleppo button, and Nattan, Larrier and Bussitre? record its discovery in ten cases of Oriental sore at a place on the Persian Gulf. These dast two observers examined the blood of their cases, but failed to find the parasite in the peripheral circulation.
Parasites. Under this comprehensive title one proposes to deal merely with general papers on metazoan: parasites and such articles as have for their subject the consideration.of new or little-known African forms likely to be encountered in the Sudan. We know very little about the metazoan parasites existing in this country, and yet, being so near Egypt and in such close communication with that ‘‘land of worms,” as it may almost be called, there must be many species, while in the southern regions rare or unknown forms are certain to exist. It is a branch of study which would well repay attention, but for its proper elucidation a trained helminthologist is a necessity. It may yet be possible to arrange that such an observer should have the use of the Floating Laboratory and devote his time to the human and animal Entozoa of the Sudan. If so, much valuable information may be expected. At the same time Dr. Leiper’s paper on the material collected by Dr. Wenyon, adds very considerably to our knowledge.
That the importance of the subject is now fully recognised is shown by a paper of Sambon’ on the part played by metazoan parasites in tropical pathology.
Dealing first with recently-discovered entozoa, he alludes to Necator americanus, and then mentions the new strongyloid of man, Triodontophorus diminutus, of American origin, and possibly a cause of tropical anwmia. CHsophagostomum brumpti is another Sclerostome, found by Brumpt in the form of six immature females, in cyst-like nodules in the walls
of the cecum and colon of a negro in West Africa.
His remarks as regards the Schistosomidw have already been partly recorded (see
‘‘ Bilharziosis,” page 17), but in this paper he mentions the finding by Christophers and Stephens of schistosomum eggs in the urine of a Madras native suffering from hematuria. These eggs differ from those of S. hematobium by their greater length and peculiar spindle-like shape.
Speaking of Looss’s work, he mentions the removal of Opistorchis sinensis, the Asiatic liver fluke from the genus Opistorchis to the new genus Clonorchis, and recalls the fact that under the old term two separate species had been confounded. There is, then, a large form (C. sinensis) usually present in small numbers and comparatively harmless, and a smaller one (0. endemicus) always occurring in large numbers, and distinctly harmful. Both are found in China and Japan, and though their structural differences are .very slight, Looss is convinced that he is correct in separating them, and in support of his contention cites two other trematodes, Opistorchis felineus and Opistorchis geminus, which must likewise be recognised as separate species, though not presenting the slightest difference in their structural organisation. O. felineus is a European species, inhabiting the liver of certain beasts of prey, especially cats, and occasionally man. It has never been found in Egypt, neither in man nor in canine or feline animals, both wild and domestic, though purposely looked for. O. geminus is a common parasite in Egypt. It inhabits the liver of certain birds, amongst them the common Egyptian kite (Milvus aegyptius), which never leaves the country, and must perforce acquire the parasite in it. It is quite reasonable, therefore, to infer that the Avian opistorchis indigenous in Egypt,
1 Mesnil, F., Nicolle, M., and Remlinger, M. (January 22nd, 1908), ‘Recherche du protozaire de Wright dans 16 cas de bouton d’Alep.” Bull. Soc. Path. Fzot., Vol. I., No. 1.
2 Loe, cit.
* Sambon, L. (January 15th, 1908), “The Part played by Metazoan Parasites in Tropical Pathology.” Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. XI.