248 AFRICAN WANDERINGS.

'* Makeda," that is if one docs not derive the word from the Arabic Machada. Although different languages prevail among the hills on the borders of Habesch, still one finds, Avith the exception of those who from trade or religion are connected with Habesch, the manners and customs nearly the same, and like those of all races of the earth of a lower grade of civilisation, who do not come into contact with other nations, and in trade and opinion learn little new. Basa, however, seems that which has remained most true to a state of nature.

Hardly had the Schaigies and Mograbins returned from their chasua into Basa with their prisoners and plundered cattle, than the Pascha took it all to himself, contrary to the common usage that allows the troops employed one half; but now to stir up Melek Mahmud to a similar foray with his Schaigies into Bcni-Amer, on which land an ever arbitrarily increased tulba has been laid, and to make him and his people more zealous, he promised them the whole plunder: Mahmud goes, and returns when men fancied he and his whole troop had been cut off; and again the Pascha breaks his word, in spite of the great loss the party had suffered, and only gives him half of the spoil, and shares some of it among different Sheiks with whom two stolen camels had been found, as if he feared such a revolt in Hallenga as has already broken out in Kalabat. J\Iohammcd Ehle, who with part of his people had joined the foray, appropriated to himself 50 camels, 200 cows, and 600 sheep. For the same reason, the Pascha had 400 ardep of corn brought from the reservoir at Kataref, as the Hallenga knew liow to excuse themselves under the plea of povert}, and the Haddenda, who had declared themselves (taija) submissive, were not to be heard of, nor woidd they deliver any grain.

Many and various as are the natives of the countries we meet with here from all parts of the Ottoman empire, their own country is and ever will be the favourite theme of all. We feel this also, and our old Rhine songs make us now gay, now sad. For some days 1 had been sick of fever. Omar Kaschef sent me some lemonade witli orange juice in it; I fancied I was drinking our favourite May-drink, and that I was in Konigswinter on the Rhine, and, in spite of the fever's violence, I was happy. Unfor-.