MILITARY OCCUPATION 429 dents were appointed whose primary duty It was to promote this poHcy by the estabhshment of native courts administering restored native laws, but in which bribery and extortion and Inhuman punishment were to be aboHshed. Provincial courts, in which the British Resident acted as magistrate, were instituted in each province to deal with non-natives and to enforce the laws of the Protectorate, especially those dealing with slave-raiding, slave-trading, Importation of liquor and firearms, and extortion from the people by terrorism and a false use of the name of the Government, which was among natives one of the most frequent and at the same time mischievous offences with which the British administration had to deal. The authority of the emir was supported by an Insistence on the part of the British administration that lawful tribute, with the exception of that taken in slaves, should be paid.

Thus, by the beginning of 1901, the south-western portion of the Protectorate had frankly accepted British rule. The turbulent Fulanl emirates, which had been disposed to challenge It In that district, had been conquered, and while the sovereign rights of Great Britain had In this way been placed on a basis which every native could understand, the occasion had been made to serve as a great public illustration of the Intended policy of the British Government to disturb as little as possible the existing Institutions of the country. The pacification of the belt of country between the Niger and the eastern highlands had been effected, and the only difference which had become markedly apparent to native eyes from the change of administration, was that henceforward pagans as well as Mohammedans were to live In the enjoyment of human rights. As a sign of this, slave-raiding had already been brought to an end In the territory under British rule.

Correspondingly with the cessation of slave-raiding trade routes had begun to open themselves through the country. While the operations of the slave-raiding