'THE DOMINATION OF KANO 257 "broke the spirit of Kano." ** The people had to sit still and be afraid, and for twenty years they were not able to go to war." After this, famine, the not unnatural result of a long period of war, during which the agricultural population had been driven from the land, added its desolation to the miseries of the country. It lasted for eleven years, and brought the fortunes of Kano to their lowest ebb, at a moment which must have coincided with the date of the Moorish conquest in the last decade of the sixteenth century.

R