522 APPENDIX.

monk, applied in the Sudan more especially to teachers of the Koran, and also to those who have learned to write. —ScHWEINFURTH.

Misstons.—A very brief note on the Christian Missions in or near the Equatorial Province may be interesting. In 1848 a mission was started in Khartum under the leadership of Father Ryllo, who was accompanied by Knoblecher, Vinco, and Pedemonte. The first mission station on the White Nile was established at Ulibari, close to Gondokoro, in 1851, and in 1854 the “Holy Cross” mission station was founded not far from Abukuka, in the country of the Kich. For thirteen years the missionaries laboured and suffered, fifteen out of twenty of them died, and the mission was finally given up in 1862. We owe important geographical and linguistic work to these intrepid pioneers, especially to Morlang, Knoblecher, Beltrame, and Dorvak. With regard to their success as missionaries, less can be said, but they suffered so much from sickness that the wonder is they held on so long, and it must not be forgotten that they were pioneers, and that they had not the benefit of experience. The missionaries at Khartim and El Obeid did good work, established schools, and met with no little success: In 1876 the Church Missionary Society sent out a well-equipped party to Uganda. In 1877 four of the party arrived at the south end of the Victoria Nyanza, one of whom, Dr. Smith, died there. Lieutenant Smith and the Rev. C. T. Wilson reached Uganda, but the former was subsequently murdered, together with Mr. O'Neil, at Ukewere. A mission has existed in Uganda ever since 1877, and a number of missionaries have carried on the work in spite of great difficulties and hardships. Mr, A. M. Mackay has laboured there for ten years with the greatest perseverance and zeal. Much translationwork has been accomplished, and the Mission-school has been resorted to by large numbers, many of whom have become Christians.

After Mtésa’s death, Mwanga, his successor, tortured and burnt many of the Christians, and ordered the murder of Bishop Hannington on the frontier; but, notwithstanding this, there are still about 45 communicants, 200 Protestant Christians, and 100 Catechumens. In 1878 Roman Catholic missionaries also reached Uganda, and. have continued working there up to the present time. They have a school, and many of their pupils have suffered death on account of -their Christianity ; statistics are unavailablee—R. W. F.