APPENDIX. 521 PensTEMON.—This plant is not found on the upper Nile. Dr. Emin probably mistook it for one of the abundant Scrophulariacece with bright blossoms, such as Striga, Sopubia, &c.—ScHWEINFURTH.

Mimosas.—Only one species of this genus exists in the region under consideration. Dr. Emin, when using this term, evidently refers to acacias, of which there are many shrubs and trees,— SCHWEINFURTH.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Srations.—These are military stations or forts. Each station is fortified, either by earthworks or strong stockades, and each possesses several gates, which remain open from 6 a.m. till 8 P.M., and at which sentries are mounted night and day. From sunset.

to sunrise no gun may be fired off in or near a station, except as a signal of alarm. At 5.30 A.M. the revezlle is sounded, and soon after the signal, “ Light your fires.” At 6 a.m. the roll is called and the gates opened; the soldiers drill, and the women begin to sweep the streets. At 8.30 all excepting the sentries turn out to work in the fields, to draw water, or to fetch wood; the dew being by that time dried up, the cattle are sent out to graze. Work lasts till 11.30, when there is an interval for rest till 2.30 pm. It then continues till 5 pP.m., when all return inside the fort. At 8 P.M. the roll is called, the gates shut, and at 9 P.M. all fires are extinguished, an officer going the rounds to see that this regulation is obeyed. The orders are most strict with regard to fire. Should a strong wind arise during the day, the bugle sounds ‘ fires out,’”’ and any one not promptly conforming to the rule is severely punished, This is a very necessary precaution, as, if a hut catches fire, it is with difficulty that the whole station is saved from destruction. In the spring of 1878 Lado itself was burned down, and the immense stores which Baker Pasha had taken to the province were all destroyed. It was owing to these precautions being omitted that Wadelai and several other stations were completely burned to the ground in 1887.—R. W. F.

Laterite.—The ‘bog iron ore” and “ ferruginous clay”’ (clay ironstone) frequently mentioned by Dr. Emin appears to be laterite, the extension of which throughout the Congo region has recently been made known by Dr. Pechuel-Loesche and others. Specimens from the Congo agree with those obtained from the Bahr-el-Ghazal. —SCHWEINFURTH.

Faxi (fakir, pl. fukara), literally a poor man, that is, a mendicant