EUROPEAN VISITORS. | B95 tropics in their flight. Singularly enough, these are not always the most active flyers. I have been able to collect corn-crakes (Crea pratensis, Bechst.) even by the Albert Lake at about 2° N. lat.; but those that come as far as these regions are almost without exception feeders on insects, while the feeders on corn are wont to stay farther north. Wading and swimming birds are also comparatively poorly represented. What laws regulate the diffusion of these winter guests, why particular varieties push on so extraordinarily far towards the south, while others, though physically stronger, remain far behind them, are at the present time unsettled questions; only when we are in possession of observations extending over many years, and of special data concerning the distribution of the wanderers during winter, . with constant regard to the clhmatic conditions of this country at the time of their arrival, shall we be able to form an opinion on this question. For the present it is our duty to confine ourselves to the registration of facts, such as the occurrence of the nightingale (Luscimia philomela, Bechst.) in Latuka and Makraka, of the redstart (Ruticilla phenicurus, L.) in Rejaf, west Makraka, as far as 4° N. lat., and of the reed warblers (Calamoherpe arundinacea, Gm., and C. palustris, Bechst.) as far even as 2° N. lat.

On the other hand, storks and cranes never reach us, and in the course of years I have only once collected a specimen of Ciconia alba below 6° 35’ N. lat., which no doubt had lost its way. The same winter the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus, L.) and Himantopus autwmnalis, Hass., were common here, though they do not appear every winter; it may, therefore, have been due to an abnormal winter in the north. With regard to the arrival and departure of birds of passage to and from this country, it may be remarked that the end of September and October are the months in which they arrive. Thus in the present year the yellow wagtail (Budytes flava, var. cinereocapilla, Sav.) was first noticed on October oth. The time of departure is protracted, and falls between February and April. On April 21, 1884, I caught a cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, L.) in Lado.

We have as yet scarcely any information about the movements of other classes of animals in the tropics. That migra-