THE BARI AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS. 369 common, is rarely seen here. On the other hand, I saw the Elanus melanopterus in full feather (in October); it arrives here in September, breeds, and leaves for the north in February or the beginning of March. The Penthetria macroura and Luplectes flammiceps are very common indeed, and were also in full feather.

Before I leave Rimo, and the Kakuak and Fajelt countries, it may not be out of place to consider the position of these tribes with regard to the surrounding peoples, more especially as Fajeli has not been previously visited, so that my journey was the first through this district.

The Bart people, to which both these tribes belong, are divided into the following eight large divisions :—(1) Bari (to -the east and west of the Nile), (2) Fajelu, (3) Kakuak, (4) Marshia, (5) Nyambara, (6) Liggi, (7) Mandari, (8) Shir. © These divisions together form a sharply defined whole, and are distinguished from their neighbours by physique, customs, and language. It is true that fewer lanky men are found among the inhabitants of the mountains of Kakuak and Fajelu than among the Bari of the lowlands; the colour of their skin, too, varies greatly between dark brown and reddish brown, whereas the Shir, for example, are all of an almost exactly identical colour (No. 42 of Broca’s scale of colours). But throughout all the divisions, the head is always of the same shape, so that a member of this group can be at once distinguished among hundreds of other Negroes. The temples are very strongly compressed just before the ears, so that the height of the skull is much increased throughout the whole length of the sagittal suture, owing to the approximation of the lower borders of the parietal bones. ‘This 1s so marked that it alone sufficiently characterises the group. This is not the place to detail the anthropological material which I have gathered, as the Bari have often been described elsewhere. The language spoken by these eight divisions is perfectly identical, with the exception, perhaps, of a few words which have been imported _ from their immediate neighbours. This latter fact applies also to the Nyambara, although they live in the centre of the district occupied by the whole group, and therefore come less in -contact with strangers than the other divisions. The influence 2a