THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN be taken to indicate that the two teachers of the law did not recognize Burckhardt as a foreigner, for there is little doubt that they did ; but they assumed, probably, that he came from India, and were surorised in consequence to find his knowledge of the theological literature of the Arabs so extensive.

A few years after Burckhardt travelled in the Sudan, the countries over which he passed on the west bank of the Nile were visited by George Waddington, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and by the Rev. Barnard Hanbury, and it is to the labours of these travellers that we owe the first attempt made to describe the remains of the ancient Egyptian occupation of Nubia and part of the Sudan. Burckhardt had collected in his notes on these countries several facts concerning the ancient Egyptian temples and forts which he visited and examined, but Messrs. Hanbury and Waddington published views and plans of the pyramids, etc., which they found within the boundaries of the old kingdom of Dongola, and with their work the archaeological examination of the SOdan may be said to have begun.

Their work and travels may be thus summarized:—They arrived at Wadi Haifa on Nov. loth, 1820, and at Ferket (the scene of the defeat of the Dervishes by General Kitchener on June 7th, 1896) five days later; on the 17th, near the island of Sai, they were visited by Hasan, the governor of Derr, who was wearing the sword which Mr. Legh had given him some years before ; he had been shorn of all his importance by Muhammad Ali, and was so much reduced that he subsequently sent to beg a little tobacco, which, their supply being low, the travellers refused without any fear of what the result of his anger would be. On the following day they were opposite the Island of Sai, on the north end of which are the ruins of large buildings, but there was neither ford nor ferry there, and passing southwards they arrived at Koye, a village of Dar Mahass, from which place the temple of Soleb (Sulb) became visible. Up to this point they followed in the steps of Burckhardt, whose book had been their constant guide, and they take leave of him with well-merited expressions of admiration for his work and character. Mr. Waddington says, " His acquired qualifications were, I believe, never " equalled by those of any other traveller ; his natural ones appear to 34