SUMMARY OF CONQUESTS the completeness of the conquest of the country by Usertsen III., it is impossible not to conclude that warlike demonstrations by the Egyptians were unnecessary in the reign of Amenemhat IV.

We may now briefly summarize the various steps in the conquest of Nubia under the Xllth Dynasty. Amenemhat I. conquered the Matchaiu, the Uauaiu, the Sitiu, and Heriu-sha, and fixed his boundary near Korosko. Usertsen I. conquered the four great tribes of the country, and fixed his boundary at Behen, or Wadi Haifa, one hundred miles further to the south than his predecessor. He drew large quantities of tribute from the natives, and sent, among others, Ameni to bring gold to Egypt. He was perhaps the first king of Egypt to build a fort and found a town a few miles to the south of Korosko. The remains of both the fort and town were discovered in 1892 by Captain Lyons, R.E., who noticed on the rocks near several graffiti belonging to the Xlth, Xllth, and Xlllth Dynasties. These clearl} indicate that the site was occupied by Egyptian officials under the Menthuhetep kmgs of the Xlth Dynasty, and this being so we may assume that it was a centre of Sudan trade of considerable importance. In the reign of Amenemhat II. the officer Sa-Hathor went into Nubia and began to work the gold mines of Heh by means of native labour, on behalf of the Egyptian Government. The young men dug out the ore, and the old men carried out the operations connected with the final stages of washing out the metal. Under Usertsen III. the Egyptian frontier on the south was moved to Semna, and an edict was passed forbidding any negro to pass north of that place except for purposes of business or embassy. For eleven years at least, i.e., from his eighth to his nineteenth year, this king carried on a series of wars, which resulted in the complete subjugation of the country. He built aline of forts, which were occupied by native garrisons under Egyptian officers, between Elephantine and Semna, and in many of them he placed temples ; he appears to have established a fortified outpost about eighty miles south of Semna, in the neighbourhood of Gebel Dosha. From a portion of a monument discovered by Prof. Naville we learn that Usertsen made a raid in a country called Hua."

> Bubastis, plate 34. * i _y f\/\/i' 553