THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN blocks of the chapel are lying on the ground, and it is easy to see that they were ornamented with the reliefs already described.

Pyramid No. 9. This pyramid is complete, and consists of twenty-two layers of well-cut stones ; the length of the south side at the base is 25 feet 3 inches. The chapel was a small one, and is now in ruins. On the west wall of it is a carefully-cut false door, with winged disks and pendent uraei ; in the middle of this is a cavity wherein figures of Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys once stood.

Pyramid of king Kaltela, No 10. The west side of this pyramid is in a ruined state, which permits the visitor to note that the foundation walls of the casings are in places 5 feet thick. At the present time twenty-four layers of stones are in situ, and the length of one side at the base is about 23 feet, The roof and doorway are wanting to the chapel. On the north wall the king is seen seated, holding "life" in his right hand and lotus flowers in his left ; in the second relief we see animals being brought for sacrifice, and in the third three human beings with their hands raised in adoration. On the south wall is another relief of the king, with his right hand stretched out, and his left grasping a whip. In the second register are seen men bringing offerings and pouring out libations, and the god Thoth presenting a plumed object, and a serpent-headed deity presenting a mendt, (w, an object which symbolized joy, gladness, and happiness.

The royal names and titles are found within the canopy and read:-;y (UUJl] ((|], "King of " the South and North, Kalka, son of Ra, Kaltela." The other pyramids of the Southern Group are all in a state of ruin more or less complete, and are not worth description.

From what has been said above it is clear that the ten pyramids of which brief descriptions have been given probably belong to a period earlier than that of most of those of the Northern Group, and from the fact that the builder of one pyramid, No. 6, was called Ark-Amen and adopted the prenomen of Amasis II., a king of Egypt of the XXVIth Dynasty, we may assume that 426 i