THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN 13 10 A.H. On the lower part of the wall are several small figures carrying branches, offerings, &c. On the south wall of the chapel is a large relief wherein a queen is seen sitting upon a throne, the arms of which are ornamented with heads of lions.

Whilst digging before the door of the chapel, at a depth of about 2 feet from the surface, we found in the mud a set of iron fetters, which had been worn by some poor slave or captive. According to the opinion expressed by some natives the fetters were of the kind which the Dervishes put on captives of the better class. It is to be hoped that the captive who found temporary safety in the chapel here, and managed to bury his fetters afterwards, finally escaped.

On the north side of the north wall of the chapel are sculptured in relief several figures of bulls of a fine Sudani breed.

Pyramid No. 3 (Cailliaud C, Hoskins U, Lepsius No. 18).

This pyramid is built of well cut blocks of good stone, but its angles are without the usual borders. One-third of it is in ruins, and its north and west sides have suffered considerably ; the west side has been burst by internal pressure. The layers of stone in the casing are fourteen in number, the height of the highest point (at the S.E. corner) is 17 feet, and the length of the east side at the base is between 31 and 32 feet. The chapel is well built, and massive, and some of its roof stones are still in situ ; the jambs and other parts of the doorway have disappeared. There is neither relief nor inscription in the chapel.

Pyramid No. 4 (Cailliaud D, Hoskins T, Lepsius No. 17). This pyramid stands on a layer of black basaltic stones, which are laid upon a deep bed of reddish material, and beneath them is the sandstone of the district. It is well and solidly built, and its angles are without borders ; the layers of stone in its casing are twentytwo in number, and its " angle of rest " is greater than is usual. The length of the north side at the base is nearly 47 feet. A few of the rows of casing stones have been removed from the top. The chapel and pylon had almost disappeared in Cailliaud's time, and all that was left of the former was one slab, which Lepsius saw and had copied. The work of cleaning and excavation which we did at this pyramid has already been described (see above, p. 353), and to this it is only necessary to add that we made a good wide path 366