THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN other on the crest of the rocky ridge which rises at right angles to the mountain. On the south side are the ruins of several temples, and close in by the mountain itself are the ruins of two others, which appear to have been destroyed by the fall of huge masses of stone from the mountain. Beginning at the southwest angle of Gebel Barkal,, we may now briefly describe the principal ruins there : I. The first ruins seen are those of a small temple (A) which was cut into the mountain to a depth of about 50 feet ; here and there RUINS OF THK TEMl'LE OK TIKHAKAH AT GEBEL BAKKAI, (THE TYPHONIUM).

[From HosKins, '1 ravels, Plate 20.

traces of sculptures are visible on the walls of the chambers which were formerly in the mountain, but it is impossible to tell from them to what period the building belonged. According to Cailliaud, this temple consisted of a small hall containing four columns, a smaller chamber with two columns, and a sanctuary.

It seemed to me, as the result of turning over large numbers of the stones which now lie in front of it, that this building was approached through a hall of six columns, of the bases of which many fragments still remain. Of the pylon or gateway a few remains exist.

II. A few yards from the ruins of the little rock-hewn temple I5i2