The author of the book, a Sudanese historian, describes the historical context of Sudan. He mentions the importance of the Nile River and its role in the development of Sudanese civilization. He also discusses the various tribes and ethnic groups that have inhabited Sudan throughout its history, as well as the impact of foreign invasions and colonial rule on the country. The author emphasizes the resilience and adaptability of the Sudanese people, who have managed to preserve their cultural identity despite the challenges they have faced.