e222 | Collection of Birds made in the Sudan. 699 Lanius senator senator = Phoneus s. senator 8. & P. This, the typical form, is not uncommon, on migration, in Egypt, as is also the eastern L. s. niloticus.

Lanius minor Gmelin. We have three or more specimens in the Giza Museum from Khartoum, all in immature plumage and obtained in August and September by Flower and the late Capt. Halhed. . T do not think that August is early for this bird to appear in the Sudan, as it passes through Hgypt in large numbers in that month.

Muscicapa atricapilla semitorquata Homeyer. Muscicapa albicollis T’emm.

Sclater and Praed seem to have ove-looked the characters by which these two species may be differentiated, at a glance. I have set these forth, at length, in my ‘ Handlist.’

M. albicollis never has any white on the inner web of the rectrices. J. a. semitorguata has white on the first, second, and often the third pair. J/. albicollis sometimes has white on the outer web of the first and second pair, sometimes no white in the tail at all.

Both of these species are common visitors, on migration, to Egypt in spring.

Hirundo daurica rufula Temminck.

This is a very common migrant through Egypt in spring, and I have obtained it in autumn. Great numbers pass through the Wadi Natrun in April, and there is no reason to suppose that these come from anywhere else but up from the sources of the Nile.

Cuculus canorus Linnzeus. Cuckoos pass through Egypt in July, so it is not unreasonable to suppose that that month is not so early for them to appear in the Sudan. May I be permitted to quote from the old adage: ‘‘In July they begin to fly’ I might remark that the earliest arrivals, here in Egypt in July, are always adults.