XIV APPENDIX.

one above the other. The upper one we ascertained to be one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two feet above the sea and the lower one thousand and fifty-five t-The upper range, upon which is situated the ancient Cyrene, declines gradually to the eastward, and unites with the lower one near Cape Bujebara.

W'adys, or ravines. These mountains are frequently broken by deep chasms that extend far inland. In them grow vast numbers of pine-trees fit for small spars ; but we saw none sufficiently large for topmasts, except in Wady Jeraib, far inland. The largest and most remarkable of these chasms, or fiumaras, is at Cape Ras Sem ; an abundance of firewood will be found a little way up it, and water may be procured from a stream in the bed of it, which receives its supply from the fountain at Cyrene.

Between Ras Sem and Ras El Hilal, there are several rocks above water close in shore.

Ras El Hilal. Ras El Hilal, or new moon, so called from a round hill upon the range above it, is a rocky projection which extends a mile and a half from the foot of the mountains. On the eastern side of the promontory there is a bay about three-quarters of a mile deep, in which vessels may ride with the wind any way from the southward or westward.

Bujebara. From El Hilal to Bujebara, the next promontory eastward, the shore is. rocky ; and there is bad landing, except in a small sandy nook, two miles west of the latter place. About mid-way between these capes at Elthroon, a fine stream of water falls into the sea from a deep fiumara.

From Cape Bujebara to Derna, the same rocky coast continues ; but the ravines are fewer, and the mountains somewhat farther removed from the coast.

* This was ascertained from several observations of the depression of the visible horizon, corrections for spheroidal figure of the earth, and northern deviation being made, and allowed for terrestrial refraction.

t The height of this range is ascertained trigonometrically.