APPENDIX. XI North 52° east (true) from Gara, at one and a quarter to one and a half off shore, lie a group of rocky islets, connected by breakers ; behind which, I have no doubt, small vessels will find shelter with all winds. They are in the neighbourhood of Rhote el Assoud, (or black valley,) so called, it is said, from the dark appearance of the hills.

North-eastward of these islets, there is a Marabot upon a pointed hill at Shawhan, and inland two ruined towers, upon the summits of hills.

From Shawhan, the coast trends to the westward of north up to Carcora, and forms a large open bight. The shore is low and sandy, with hills of brushwood or sand, a short distance from the sea.

Carcora may be known by some high sand-hills, which overlook the beach. The coast thereabout is much indented, and there are two small places, somewhat sheltered by projecting points, that would afford protection for boats with northerly or easterly winds.

The most desirable of these is the one at the northern extremity of the sand-hills, a small tower upon a ridge inland, bearing south 77° 45' east (true). Among the sand-hills will be found several wells some of which will furnish sweet water, but the greater part of them are stinking or brackish. From Ain Agan to Carcora the country is very thinly inhabited, and no supplies, except what may be procured from straggling flocks, are to be expected. But northward of Carcora Arab encampments are very numerous. The hills abound in hares, partridges, and pigeons, &c.

From Carcora to Bengazi, the shore is low and sandy, rising as it recedes from the coast, and is covered with vegetation. Several ruins of forts appear at a little distance from the sea: the most remarkable of these are at Ghimenes, and Imshali, and all of them are laid down trigonometrically in the chart.

Care must be taken, as you approach Bengazi, to avoid some breakers, which extend southward from Juliana point, and lie about three-quarters of a mile off shore.

Bengazi is situated at the eastern entrance of the Gulf of Syrtis, Islets.

Carcora.

Carcora to Bengazi.

Breakers.

Bengazi.