UGOGO AND IRAMBA TO NG'URU. 57 caravans under a chief, Mganga by name, arrived, and on October 3rd Lieutenant Smith turned up unexpectedly. He had left the other two caravans, some distance from the coast, to follow him under the guidance of Dr. Smith and Mr. Mackay, and had come, with only a few attendants, by forced marches, in order to bring us the September mails. On October 7th the three first caravans, under O'Neill and myself, set off for the far west, Lieutenant Smith waiting for the remaining caravans. We camped on the night of the 7th at Chunyo, about twelve miles from Mpwapwa, where were a few huts and the springs of bitter water which give their name, Marenga Mkali (Bitter water), to the inhospitable forest tract which lies between that place and Ugogo. This Marenga Mkali is a flat jungle-covered plain between thirty and forty miles wide, without a drop of water or a single human habitation ; game however is tolerably abundant, and robbers are sometimes met who attack the stragglers from the caravans. On account of the scarcity of water the Marenga Mkali is usually crossed in a single march. We began on the 8th with a " terekeza," or afternoon march, and kept on, with one or two halts, during the night, and at last reached the village of Debwe in Ugogo, a few miles beyond the jungle, in the afternoon of the 9th.

Here we rested two days, and went on to Mvtimi on the 12th. Mvumi is the largest district in this