APPENDIX I. 341 In the case of Uganda, ivory and slaves are the only products obtainable, as nothing else at present pays for transport to Zanzibar; but many things, even under the present costly system of porterage, might be made to pay in districts within 200 miles of the coast, as the cost of transport increases with the distance in almost geometrical progression. When the negro has had a fresh want created he will be found ready enough to exert himself to supply it. Slaves and ivory come most readily to hand at first, but trade in the former being prohibited, and the supply of the latter being not only limited, but even on the decrease, he will soon turn his attention to other articles which may be exchanged for cloth or whatever else he may need.

Consequently the most important work which a pioneer trading enterprise has to accomplish is to discover what native products, or other articles obtainable or capable of being produced in the various countries, are most likely to bring a fair profit, and to induce the natives to bring or produce these things for sale. Nor will the natives be found slow in taking advantage of such discoveries, when once the need of articles of foreign manufacture is felt. Thus in Ugogo a large trade might be done in beeswax, if once the Wagogo became aware of its value. In the regions lying nearer the coast, cotton cultivation might be advantageously promoted. While in Uganda vast quantities of rice might be grown in its swampy valleys, and on the hillslopes chinchona and the tea-plant would probably flourish.

Indiarubber, gum-arabic, hides, and possibly other natural products as yet unknown to Europeans, would, in many districts, form important articles of commerce. The natives, however, in almost every case, must be taught the value of these things, and then they themselves, with their interest quickened by the necessity of supplying their wants, will discover other articles which Europeans alone might have been long in discovering, and which may prove very valuable.

I would, however, again insist that any trade to be remunerative, must be developed by Europeans among the various tribes of the interior; and this will, I believe, be most readily accomplished by a system of depots at intervals along the line of railway. Settlements of negroes would soon form round these depots for the sake of protection, and the natives could be era-