156 UGANDA AND THE EGYPTIAN SOUDAN.

hard resonant wood, thick at the two ends, and scooped out in the middle, which are laid side by side across two logs, and struck at either end by two drumsticks. There are from twelve to twenty of these pieces, and they are often played on by two performers at once, one on each side, so that a chord of four notes can be struck.

None of these musical instruments have sharps or flats, but only whole tones ; though this does not arise frpm the inability of the native ear to appreciate semitones, for when taught European music, they can distinguish them readily enough.

The Waganda have two sorts of wind instruments, flutes and horns. The former, " ndelle," are made of a large reed or the hollow stalks of an umbelliferous plant, and have from two to four holes which can be closed with the fingers. They are blown from the top like a clarionet.

The horns, ng'ombe, are the horns of cattle and antelopes, and are blown at the side. Some of them have the tip cut off, leaving both ends open, the smaller aperture being closed with the finger at pleasure, and so producing two notes. These are used both as musical instruments and to convey orders from the chiefs on the march and in battle. Besides these instruments, they have small iron bells which are tied to the wrists and ankles, and are used to keep time with to the music. They make also rattles, which consist of bottle-gourds, filled with dried peas,