64 Although the four-wheeled all iron type of refuse cart is giving satisfaction a certain amount of delay is caused by tyre punctures and bursts and it is now obvious that the inflated tyre cannot stand up to the load. I therefore recommend that solid tyres be fitted to all existing carts and any new carts made in future.

Stable manure is still being collected from privately owned stables in Khartoum as usual. This work is most necessary from a fly breeding point of view.

t The amount of garden refuse is steadily increasing and is a real source of worry to this Service. Many accumulations of this class of refuse are to be found in most of the gardens and are in a good number of instances the dumping place for stable manure and household refuse. On examination of these dumps flies have been found breeding on many occasions. Until transport is provided for the removal of this refuse the nuisance is likely to continue.

MINERAL WATER FACTORIES.

Owing to a working arrangement made by four owners of mineral water factories in Khartoum three factories were closed down and the business which had previously been run separately is now carried on at one place. One new factory was opened during the year making a total of three compared with five in 1927. There are two such factories in Omdurman and none in Khartoum North.

All have been periodically inspected as usual and on the whole have been conducted satisfactorily.

BAKERIES.

There are 31 European bakeries in the three towns i.e. Khartoum 22, Khartoum North 4 and Omdurman 5. The native bakery figures are 15, 6 and 48 respectively. All have been inspected from time to time and are more or less in a satisfactory condition.

RESTAURANTS, NATIVE EATING HOUSES AND COFFEE SHOPS.

There are 95 restaurants, native eating houses and coffee shops licensed in Khartoum i.e. restaurants (European) 14, coffee shops (European) 13, native eating houses 19, native coffee shops 49. Special attention has been given to these premises which have been regularly inspected with a view to maintaining a trgher standard and the results have been favourable from a sani ary point of view.

MARKETS.

The offal market in Khartoum was extended towards the end of the year and a considerable improvement has been effected as this market was very congested before the alterations were carried out.

The vegetable market has been cleared of all unnecessary equipment, and the platforms, which were previously heaped with all sorts of lumber are now much more satisfactory from a sanitary point of view.