54 GENERAL ROUTINE WORK for the head and spinal regions is effective. The small tight skull cap affected by the Arabs is said to be an excellent preventive when worn under the helmet.

Poisoning.—Infrequent. The blacks employ senna as a purge, followed by a large dose of a native salt called “ gardugga.” I have analysed this, and found it to consist of the carbonate, chloride, and sulphate of sodium. It caused the death of a Greek, a weakly man, to whom it had been given. The post mortem appearances were like those met with in poisoning from a corrosive alkali. I believe the large dose of sodium carbonate was what killed him. It is said that datura is frequently employed as a poison. I have not seen a single case of death resulting from this drug.

Alcoholic Poisoning from the drinking of excessive quantities of merissa, a beverage made from dura (Sorghum vulgare), now and again occurs.

VII.—Local Affections Liver Abscess (Khorag Kabid).—Not uncommon. Apparently unassociated with dysentery. I have found the Amoeba coli in the pus in one case—a European. Is it possible that liver abscess may be the forerunner and not the sequel of an acute dysentery1. Two out of four cases seen were multiple.

In one a superficial abscess was successfully opened and drained, but the patient died from a deeply-seated abscess, which had apparently formed subsequent to operation, and was not detected during life., Ainhum.—Is said to exist amongst the natives in the south. I have seen one case under the care of Dr. Christopherson.

Goitre (Givatre).—Occurs. I haye a photograph of one case (from Dr. Christopherson), associated with exophthalmos, in which the huge goitre has ulcerated and looks as though it were undergoing malignant changes. The patient was an Egyptian woman resident in the Sudan. (As regards water conditions, see under Calculus.)

Hypertrophied Mammae in Males.—This curious condition exists, but I am told is not so common as in Central Africa. The possessor of these abnor¬ malities has been known to excise them, being angered at the chaffing to which he had been subjected.

Guinea Worm (Erk Medain, Farranteet).—Fairly common, and not confined to natives. There are certain pools in both Niles (charted by Major Bray) whence infection may be obtained. It is most common in the foot, but I have seen a Sudanese with multiple infection in the arm.

Cancrum Oris.—Already mentioned. The disease occurred in a chimpanzee, Anthropopithecus troglodytes (Schweinfurth), confined in the Zoological Gardens in Khartoum.

Mycetoma (Napt Hindi Nabit).—Exceedingly common for such a rare disease. The form due to the black variety of Streptothrix is most frequently 1 JjanQet, November 21s£} ’03