288 "AHAI OW MAZADA !

having had the advantage of particularly practical and intelligent administration : the Arabs' productive powers have been encouraged with success, and the home of an old civilization is being revived after the desolation and depopulation of the past thirty years.

Then comes the Upper Nile province, where the problem is vastly different, being one of instructing the negroid element from the beginning, rather than the semi-cultivated Arab ; a gaining of the confidence of native barbarians, and the mastery of their laws and customs ; ruling through native laws where possible, and—what is new—enforcing the judgments. Moreover, the endeavour is made to insure intertribal peace among a turbulent people, to relieve districts stricken with famine by means full of wisdom, to educate gradually peoples who as yet are little beyond the level of animals.

In the Mongalla province, until recently part of the Upper Nile province, there is the " Lado Enclave" and the Congo Free State adjoining, requiring judgment and tact, unexplored and barbarian regions to the east, and the brokendown remnants of the great Bari race to revive.

Westward is the Bahr-el-Ghazal, with its enormous difficulties in imhealthy climate and superfluity of swamps, bounded by the great forests of the Congo, and with great possibilities in rubber and timber.

Kordofan, with its combination of much trade in the north, and warlike races in the gebels of