42 (No. 96 HISTORY as a а .

(c) Zanzibar an Independent Sultanate ( 1861–1890) The Canning Award (April2, 1861) ratified the divi sion of Said's dominions, but directed the ruler of Zan zibar to pay henceforth to the ruler of Muscat an annual subsidy of 40,000 crowns (£8,500) . This sub sidy was not to be considered as implying the dependence of Zanzibar on Muscat, but compensation to the latter for the abandonment of all claims on the territory of the former, and as adjusting the inequality between the two inheritances. Neither was it personal to the two then rulers, but it was intended to be a final and permanent arrangement of the relations between the two powers. The Award was accepted by both Thuwainy and Majid , and the latter paid the subsidy regularly until his brother was murdered by Salim , his son. He then promptly discontinued payment, in spite of protests from the Indian Government. The claim was still out standingon his death (October, 1870) . His successor, Bargash bin Said , fifth son of Said , still declined to pay the subsidy, even when next year another brother, Toorkee, became Sultan of Muscat. In 1873 Toorkee, as a reward for his prompt acceptance of an Anti-slave Trade Treaty presented to him by Sir Bartle Frere in April of that year, received the Zanzibar subsidy (with arrears from 1871 ) from the Political Agent at Muscat, with the sanction of the Viceroy of India. From that date the charge has never been borne by the Zanzibar Treasury.

Under Sultan Bargash (1870-1888) in other respects also the prosperity of Zanzibar continued for many years to increase, in spite of sore damage caused to the island by a cyclone in 1872, which left only onetree standing. His personal authority was great, and his friendship for Great Britain sincere. Both prosperity and friendship were due mainly to the extraordi nary influence with the Sultan of the British repre sentative at Zanzibar , Dr. (later Sir) John Kirk. In 1866 Kirk had been appointed surgeon to the Political