158 No. 98 ( ECONOMIC CONDITIONS was refunded on account of the maintenance of the Egyptian armyin the Sudan, leaving a net contribu tion of £E. 163,000 by Egypt in aid of the expenses of the Civil Government . Moreover, it must beborne in mind that Egypt collected and retained the customs dues on merchandise passing through Egyptian ports to and from the Sudan, which in 1912 were estimated at £E . 85,000 . The Sudan Government at this period also had to bear the cost of certain services which formerly were a charge on the Egyptian budget, and to pay the seigneuriage, a royalty_on silver currency purchased by the Sudan fromtheEgyptian Treasury, representing in 1911 a sum of £ 49,000 on £200,000 worth of silver and nickel. In view of these facts, and also ofthe benefit accruing to the Egyptian State Rail ways through the carriageof passengers and goods going to and coming from the Sudan, as well as to the Egyptian postal and telegraphs administration through the transmission of postal matter and tele grams, the grant in aid can hardly be said to have been an undue tax on Egypt.

The revenue of the Sudan for the year 1913 met the ordinary requirements of the administration. The chief heads of revenue in that year were as follows: Prorincial Receipts.

£E . Land Tax 167,508 Date Tax 16,380 Animal Tax 81,599 Tribute from Nomad Tribes 30.059 Royalties 89,897 Timberand Firewood 31,273 Traders' Tax 7,906 Miscellaneous 94,412 Departments and Services.

Customs 186,837 Steamers 147,502 Posts and Telegraphs 63,607