92 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS (No. 98 > The “ Arabicized ” population of this province is Hamitic, not Semitic, and regards labour as less derogatory to its dignity than formerly. The well known Hadendoa tribe (" Fuzzywuzzies '') have even been employed on bridge-building work for the railway. The foreign population are engaged in seafaring and mercantile occupations, and a certain number of Arabians from the hills east of Jedda, on the Arabian coast , are employed as dock labourers . As the two chief ports are situated in this province, a certain amount of migration and movement is bound to occur . This , however , is confined to the passage of merchants and Arabs from the opposite shores of the Red Sea, and to and from Mecca .

Of the Kassala province, 279 square miles are under cultivation ( artificial irrigation 30 per cent ., rainfall 60 per cent ., and inundation 10 per cent .). Eighty -one per cent. of the population is said to be available for labour (agriculture ), which gives orfly 0 :4 person per acre . Supplementary labour is, therefore, very neces sary , and is drawn from the same sourcesof supply as in the Red Sea province, with the addition of a few Abyssinians. About half the province lies south of Khartum , and has therefore a larger acreage under rainfall crops than those provinces which lie north of the capital.

The Khartum province , although the smallest of the political divisions (5,000 square miles), has the rela tively large cultivated area of 208 square miles_all under artificial irrigation . The population is mainly urban , but to some extent agricultural (1 per acre of cultivated land) . As Khartum , the capital of the Anglo -Egyptian Sudan, and also the large towns of Omdurman and Khartum North , are situated in this province, a large foreign element is attracted to it , chiefly to engage in trade . The labour of West African settlers is available.

The provinces south of Khartum , both climatically and ethnographically, are different from those north of it . Their populations— at any rate south of 10 ° north