62 (No. 98 PRESENT CONDITIONS notable success . In 1913 there were 28 first class and 21 second class schools, educating some 4,000 boys. One such school for fifty girls was established at Rufaa (Blue Nile province) in 1911. There were also, in 1916, girls ' schools at Dongola, Merowe (Merawi ) and Kamlin, numbering 35, 20, and 44 girls respectively. The number of kuttabs has been steadily increasing. In 1916 there were 56, with a total number of about 4,375 pupils . (2 ) Primary Schools.--Instituted for the education of the sons of Government employees and of natives of higher social standing than the bulk of the population They are eight in number (at Khartum , Omdurman , Halfa, Berber, El Obeid , Atbara, Wad Medani , and Suakin). Age of admission, eight to eleven years. Qualifying entrance examination (all except_the Khartum school have preparatory sections) . Fees, 300 pt . a year . There is a boarding-house at the Khartum school . English is taught, as the intention of these schools is to train native boys to fill junior positions in Government employ, on the railways, &c .

( 3 ) The Upper School, Gordon College. - A second ary school for boys who have completed their primary course. Training, intended to last four years, is either literary ( for candidates for future employment under the Department of Education as teachers, translators, &c . ) or scientific ( for those to be employed in the Departments of Public Works, Irrigation, Survey, and Railways ). The number of pupils in the school in 1916 was 60 . (4) The Training Colleges. - Two in number, one at the Gordon College, the other at Omdurman. The former is for sheikhs' sons, mainly to educate them to be kadis in the Mohammedan law courts . They must have been at a primary school or in the corresponding preparatory section at Gordon College. Age of admis sion, twelve years. Boys must be of good birth and specially recommended as suitable. The number of pupils in 1916 was 52. The latter college is intended for training teachers for the kuttabs. The course lasts