Sudan 51 Anedo-Egyptian] PROVINCIAL HISTORY 1 2 .

Pibor district was created out of it in 1912. ' The frontier readjustment with Uganda dates from January 1 , 1914. ' The Beir tribe has constituted its chief domestic perplexity. From 1907 their raids on the Dinka werefrequent, but a strong military expedi tion to Lom in the spring of 1912 subdued them . The Latuka country has recently been opened up . The Nilotic folk , especially the Bari , remain hopelessly lazy . The province does not yet pay its way. Bahr el-Ghazal. - The Egyptian flag was hoisted at Meshra el-Rek in September 1898 , but a military force first reached the place on December 13, 1900 . In • June 1901 Sultan Tembura , on the Nile-Congo divide, was visited . In 1902 military posts were established at Wau, Tonj , Rumbek , Shambe, and elsewhere, and a civil administration replaced the purely military occu pation . By an ordinanceof February 7, 1907, the . Sudan codes were first applied to the province.

The eastern district has throughout called for much attention , owing to the unruliness of its Dinka and Nuer inhabitants. The Gok and Shish Dinka have been peaceable, the Agar and Atwot Dinka very much the reverse. In 1901 the Agar Dinka murdered a British officer,' and were punished . Theyremained unfriendly in 1916 . The Atwot Dinka on Lau River, and their chief Ashwol (Loitch section ), have been continuously hostile since 1903 , and quarrel also freelyamong them selves . Punitive expeditions in 1907 and 1910, and a visit of the chief to Khartum in 1911 , made no lasting impression . In 1917 , Ashwol was still at large, defying the Government, and the Atwot attacked a Government post at Gnopp. Vigorous military measures were taken against the tribe in 1918 . In 1914 and 1915 , the Nuer raided the Dinka near Lau and Rumbek, and the latter resent the payment of tribute in consequence .

In the central district the old question of grazing 1 See above, pp . 2 n . , 40 . See above, p. 41 .

3 LieutenantScott- Barbour.

3