British 91 Basis frica ] ZANZIBAR : INDUSTRY > (B) INDUSTRY Clove-growing isan industry of prime importance, as nine-tenths of the clove crop of the world is produced in Pemba and Zanzibar. Little trouble is taken with the cultivation of the trees and the gathering of the har vest ; yet from the 60,000 acres of plantations an average annual yield of 18,000,000 lbs. of cloves is col lected . Copra cultivation ranks second to cloves. About 45,000 acres on the two islands are under coconut palms; these produced, in 1915, 8,585 tons and, in 1916, 5,472 tons of copra. The quality and value of both copra and cloves would be greatly enhanced by scientific and careful methods of drying.

Cloves and copra are the only products grown in large quantities for export. Experiments with wild rubber and with cultivated Ceará rubber and cotton have proved unsuccessful, and the cultivation of chillies has declined owing to the natives 'objection to the irri tation they cause to skin and eyes. Nor has the culture of cinnamon, nutmegs, vanilla, cacao, or sisal,although a demonstrated possibility, as yet attracted the atten tion of the plantation -owners. Even the sugar plantations have been neglected, and irrigation has never been utilized for the production of larger rice crops. For his own use the native is satisfied with easy harvests of maize, sorghum , rice, cassava, and ground nuts, and with the tropical fruits, coconuts , oranges, mangoes, pineapples, and bananas, growing everywhere.

Pemba possesses a good stock of native cattle, and a large tract of grazing ground, which , if the menace of East Coast fever were eliminated , would offer possibili ties of extensive cattle-breeding on modern methods.

Communal tenure of land is found in some native villages, but the plantations generally are freehold properties. Many of these are heavily mortgaged to Indian traders by the Arab owners, who found them selves embarrassed by the loss of cheap labour caused by the abolition of slavery in 1897.

Interspersed with the plantations are wakf lands, properties dedicated to sacred and other special pur [3918] H