THE CROSSING OF THE MARILAO. 809 Malolos, Aguinaldoand General Luna, with the Filipino army, falling back to the Rio Grande. On April 25th MacArthur forced the crossing of the river near Calurnpit. The enemy were driven from the trenches on the further side bv a heavyfire of rifles andartillery, and then the Americans gained a footing on the north bank, partly by struggling through a deep ford,partly by scrambling across the remainsof tlae railway Rio Grande, General Luna asked to open negotiations. It was supposed the enemymust bereduced to extremities, and after a brief truce an answer wassent back which really amounted to a demandfor unconditional surrender. The Filipino commanderswould not hear of this,and fighting began again. MacArthur captured San Fernando, to which the Filipino Government had moved after the evacuation of Malolos.

LEADING FILiriNOS IN COUNCIL AT AGUINALDO'S RESIDENCE.

There was also desultory fighting south of the Pasig, and on the east coast of Luzon an American landing party, which was trying to communicate with a Spanish garrison still holding out against the insurgents at the fort of Baler, fell intothe hands of the enemy. At the end of the month the Americanadvance to the northward ceased. The hot and rainy season was beginning, when white troops could not live in the jungle; MacArthur's force was reduced by losses in the field and by sickness, and hehad to fritter it awayin holdinga number of villages and forts, not only along a wide front, bridge which the Filipinos had blown up. The bridge, or what was left of it, was crossed by a party of the Kansas volunteers. Led by their commander, Colonel Funston, they crawled across a single girder. At the end of it they had to slide down an upright, andpartly swim, partly wade across the rest of the river. The enemygave way withoutsuffering much loss.

Up to the end of April the American losses in the field had totalled up to iq8 killed and 1,100 wounded. Besides this,the hospitalfull of sick. For a few days it was hoped the campaign was over, as after the forcing of the