THE TERMS OF PEACE. 711 the abolition of tlae special rights enjoyed by Greek subjects in the Ottoman Empire in Sultan's military forces had produced serious results. "Nothing succeeds like success," says the proverb, and in Europe the victories of Edhem Pasha's armies won many friends for the hitherto discredited and unpopular Turk. In Asia the story of the victories won by the Caliph of Islam over theunbelievers,exaggerated as the news passed from land to land, led to a Moslem revolt against the Russians inFerghana, and gave a text for many of the discourses by which the Mollahs on the North-West Frontier of India roused the tribes for the outbreak of 1897.

common with other foreigners under the old commercial treaties known as tlae "capitula-" To these demands the ambassadors of the Powers replied by a joint memorandum elated May 25th, in which they informed the Sultan's Government that (1) Europe wouldnot consent to the recession of Thessaly, and would at most consent to a " rectification " of the northern frontier that would give Turkey complete possession of the principal border passes ; (2) that althoughtlae principle of a war indemnity was just in itself, the amount named was too great, as tlae finances of Greece were already in an embarrassed condition ; and (3) that thePowers wouldnot consent to a revision of the capitulations.

In oneimportant respect the Sultan's victory was absolutely barren of results. He had mobilised his armiesinreply to Prince George's expedition to Crete when the Greek brigade under Vassos was landed at Platania. The efforts of the Powers to obtain a permanent settlement of the affairs of the island seemed likely to produce no definite result. Their mutual jealousies, the obstructive policy of the Sultan, and the great eagerness of the Greek partisans in the island, caused month after month to be wasted in fruitless negotiations. But in the late summer of 1898 there was a sudden crisis at Canea. The Turkishirregulars, aidedby some of theregular troops, and with at least the connivance of some of tlae officials, made a murderous attack upon the British detachment in the town. The interventionof landing parties from the fleet quelled the outbreak, after several lives had been lost.

Admiral Noel, who was in command of the British naval forces, at once summoned the Turkish garrison to leave the island, declaring that if they did not, he would use force. He also demanded the surrender of those who had acted as ringleadersin the attack on the troops. The other admiralssupported hisdemand; and, after somedelay, the Turks agreed to evacuate the island, and the ringleaders were given up, tried by court-martial,and hanged on the ramparts.

The negotiations dragged on I:tirough the summer, the Sultan endeavouring to persuade the Powers to allow him to reap as much advantage as possible for his victory. Meanwhile hecontinued toreinforce his armies in Thessaly and Epirus. But at last he yielded on all points. A preliminary treaty was signed on September18th, thefinaltreaty onDecember4th.

Greece agreed to pay a war indemnity of 4 000.000 Turkish pounds, equal to about 0,000 sterling. In order to arrange for the gradual payment of this sum and to secure at the same time the rights of the other foreign creditors of Greece, tlae finances of the country were to be placed under the control of an international commission. Thenorthern frontier of Thessaly was so "rectified " as to give to Turkey thecrests of the hills near Karya and a h of territory at the southern outi' the Meluna and Reveni Passes that made it impossible for Greece in any future war to 1 the country lying to the north of the Salamvria.

The chief result of the war was to give the Sultan and his army a new lease of prestige in Europe. Since the massacres in Armenia there had been a general idea that the Ottoman Power was approaching its downfall, and there confident predictions that the next war hich it was involved would produce a general uprising throughout the Empire. But Turkey had to face no internal trouble- when ■■""bilisedher armies for the war in Greece, .though the antagonist against whom they ivas not able to make more than a ofdefence, enough <e to reveal to Europe that the German reorganisation of the Events now proceeded rapidly to a solution. The leaders of the Christian insurgent had agreed that their forces should be disarm.1 on the withdrawal of the Turkish troops and Bashi-Bazouks,and this measure wascarriedout under rintendence of the foreign garrisons in land. A National Council, composed of twelve Christians and sour Mohammedans,had been constituted,and tlae majority had expressed a wish to have Prince George of Greeci pointed to the office of High Commissioner and