ARRIVAL OF THE GARIBALDIANS. 699 Greek detachment landed from the gunboatsat themouth of the Luros river,and occupied the neck of the promontory at the end of which tlaeTurkish fortress stands. This would completethe investment of the place, on which the fleet andthebattery at Kephalis Panagia would then make a renewedattack.

Prevesa, and bar the road from that fortress to Luros.

On the morning of the 12th, Colonel Ba'iraktaris led the 1st Brigade across the Arta by the oldbridge and two military bridges constructed near it. The three squadrons of cavalry scouted in front of his advance. He occupied she heights of Imaret without meeting with any resistance. He pushed reconnoitring parties out to his front towardsKanopulo andGremenitza. Late in the afternoon they came in contact with tlae Turkish outposts, and exchanged rifle shots with them. ColonelGolfinopulos, with the 3rd Brigade,occupied Kalkiades, and the engineers began to fortify the village. The Epirote Legion was disembarked at tlae mouth of the Luros under the protection of the gunboat flotilla, and advanced toward; Flamburon. On the same day a battalionof Italian Garibaldians, under Colonel Bertet, reached Arta. It was a reinforcement of doubtful value, as the Garibaldians were utterly without discipline, and seemed more anxious to act as propagandists of Republican Socialism than to fight the Turks.

It was most unfortunate that the Government atAthens sent these orders to Manos. It was playing into the Sultan's hands, and courting fresh disasters. For the Turkish army in Epirus was being steadily reinforced,andManos had not the means to conquer where he had already failed under far more favourable conditions. Onthe other hand, his taking the field again gavethe Sultan the pretexthe wantedfor breaking off the negotiations and ordering Edhem Pasha to advance against the Greek army of Thessaly at Domokos.

Since the Greek retreat to Arta at the end of April there had been only some unimportant skirmishes on the frontier of Epirus. Colonel Manos had reorganised his division in three brigades. The ist Brigade, under Colonel Bairaktaris, late chief of tlae police at Athens, -red of six regular battalions,abattalionof armed police, and two batteries of artillery. The 2nd Brigade, under Colonel Doxas, was made up of three battalions of infantry, two battalions of Euzonoi (rifles), and two batteries.

The 3rd Brigade, under Colonel Golfinopulos, consisted of four battalions of infantry, two of Euzonoi, and twobatteries. Unattached to the brigades there were three squadrons of cavalry, When the Greeks crossed the Arta, the main body of the Turkish 2nd Division,under Osman Pasha, held the heights of Gribovo and the villages of Kiaffa andBrendistaon the left. On the right, between Luros and Philippiades, was another body of troops under Mahmud Bey. Reinforcements were at once despatched from Janina to the southof Epirus. ColonelManos had ordered the commandersof the ist and 3rd Brigades to remain strictly on the defensive during the 13th. But in the afternoon a body of irregulars moved up the bank of the river on the extreme right and opened fire on the Turkish outposts. The Turks attacked and drove them back,and then firing began between the advanced Greek and Turkish detachments all along the front of the Greek 1st Brigade. The artillery came into action,and Bairaktaris brought up some of his armed police on the extreme right and drove back the Turkish advance at that point. The skirmishing ceased at nightfall. On the left of the ist Brigade two battalions and a battery belonging to the 3rd Brigade had come into action in support of their comrades towards the close of the day.

a dismounted squadron, some companies of engineers, and a battery of artillery. Besides, there were a number of irregular corps of volunteers, the strongest of these being a force of about 3,000 men, known as the Epirote Legion, commandedby Marco Botzaris.

On receiving the order to advance on May nth, Colonel Manos issued the following instructions to his brigadiers :— Tlae 2ndBrigade was to operate on theupper courseof the Arta River, and was to endeavour to seize the bridge of Plakka and advance on Pramanta. The ist Brigade was to cross the river at Arta, and occupy and entrench itself on the heights of Imaret. The 3rd Brigade, crossing under the protection of the ist, was to march upon Kalkiades, andawaitfurther orders there. Mi 111-while, the Epirote Legion under Botzaris was to be disembarked near the mouth of the Luros River, and was to protect the left flank of the 3rd Brigade, repel any sortie from On the same afternoon Botzaris and the Epirote Legion holding Flamburonhad fought withan Albanian battalion which was attempting to reach Prevesa from the north. Tlae Albanians were driven back towards Kamarina.