THE FORMAL DECLARATION OF WAR 655 garrison of the beleaguered blockhousestillheld its own.

Edhem Pasha had reported the news from Karya to Constantinople. He had followed up this first message with others telling how fighting had begun now here, now there, and he had ordered up his reserves. In the afternoon he was informed by a telegram from the capital that war hadbeen declared, and he was ordered to advance in force against the Greeks next morning.

He had already sent into action all the troops who were actually at hand,and was pressing the opposing infantry spread out in far-extended lines and under cover behind rocks and knolls and bushes kept up a long-range rifle fire at each other, makingmuch noise, but doing comparatively littledamage.

During the Saturday,fighting of thesame kind was breaking out for miles along the frontier range. Far away on the extreme left the Greeks had captured the Turkish blockhouses on the hill at the entrance of the Reveni Pass. To their right a column from Mati pushed up the bold ridge of Mount Kritiri. The Turks here held their ground obstinately, and in the CAPTAIN LAGOS AND HIS THREE LIEUTENANTS, LEADERS OF THE GREEK INSURGENTS WHO CROSSED THE FRONTIER.

afternoon the mountain guns were in action on both side-Still further north, Colonel Mastrapas' brigade surged over the crest of the Meluna Pass, captured the blockhouses on the hills oneither side,setting one of them on tire, and completely surrounded but could not storm the blockhouse just inside the Turkish frontier at the summitof the pass. But by the hillsides right andleft they pressed on towards the plain of Elassona. Haidar Pasha's division met and checked their advance, andin the afternoon the fight was like the big skirmish at Karya, a desultory encounter of longskirmishing lines, with the Glee', gunson the hills above booming out from time to time, and a flicker of rifle fire on the crest of the pass showing that the little Greeks slowly back toward the frontier. The tiring went on far into the night, by the bright light of the full moon. But tor the official world tlae war began only at dawn on the Easter Sunday morning. It was not to last long. Begun on April iSth, it ended on May 18th, just thirty days later. It might be called the Thirty Days' War.

In 1886, when war with Greece appeared to be imminent, General von den Goltz haddrawn up a plan of operations for the attack of this very frontier of Thessaly. According to this plan, the Greeks were to be held in front by a sal 1 attack on the Meluna Pass, while the mass of the Turkish army pushed its way through the passes leading from Damasi to Tyrnavos, and