THE U.S. GENERALS. 339 who wereotherwise in goodphysical condition. The material necessary to clothe and equip large armieswasnot even manufacturedat that time, and the consequent condition of the troops for weeksand months wasinjurious to thecommand in many ways."

till the day when, at the age of twenty-five, he enlistedin one of the Michigan regiments. He received his first commission as lieutenant in 1861. He was promoted to the rank of colonel for his brilliant conduct at the battle of Fair Oaks. After the war he served with distinction as colonel of the 24th Infantry in the Indian campaigns of the Mexican border. In May, 1897, he was promoted brigadiergeneral, and given the .Californian command. Wilson was a regular officer, a graduate of West Point. Lee and Wheeler's careers have already been referred to in a previous chapter.

The necessity of sending a land force to cooperate with Dewey in the reduction of Manila had ledto some of the troops originallyordered to the Atlantic seaboard being diverted to the Philippines. The story of this expedition will be toldin a later chapter. Suffice it to say here that this unexpected demand on the military forces of the United States, and the signs of a more determined resistance on the part of the Spaniards in Cuba than had been originally anticipated, led the President on May 23rd to supplement his original call for 125,000 volunteers by a second call for 75,000, making the total 200,000. The army,regular and volunteer, had been grouped in seven army corps and a cavalry division,though as yet this organisation to some extent existed only on paper. The corps, with their commanders and headquarters, were the following:— Havana was to be attacked by over 100,000 menin the autumn, but no such force wasready when at the end of May it was decided that AdmiralSampson couldnot securethesurrender of Santiago and Cervera's squadron without the co-operationof a landarmy. It was decided to send one army corps and a cavalry division to Eastern Cuba. The 5thCorps was the only one really ready, andit was madeup almostentirely ofregular troops. When the order for embarkation arrivedin thefirst week of Juneits organisation and numbers wereas follows:— Corps. Geneial. Headquarters. 1st Corps...John R. Brooke Atlanta, Georgia. First Division.— Brig-Gen. J. F. Kentcommanding.

1st Brigade. 2nd William N. Graham...Camp Alger, Virginia. 3rd James F. Wade Chickamauga, Georgia. 6th Regiment, U.S.A 1,000 16th Regiment, U.S.A. ..... 1,000 71st Regiment, New York Volunteers . 1,000 2ndBrigade.— Gen.J. C. Bates commanding. 2nd Regiment, U.S.A. 1,000 10th Regiment, U.S.A. 1,000 21st Regiment. U.S.A. .....1,000 3rd Brigade. 9th Regiment, U.S.A 1,000 4th John J. Coppinger ...Mobile, Alabama. 5th William R. Shatter..Tampa,Florida. 6th .. JamesH. Wilson Chickamauga, Georgia. 7th Lee Tampa,Florida. Cavalry | Division) Joseph H.Wheeler Brooke was a volunteer of the Civil War period, transferred to the regular army at its close, and was in command of the Department ot the Missouri, with his headquarters at Chicago, when war was declared against Spain. Graham, who had been in command of Texas, had also begun his career as an officer of volunteers ; Wade, who held the command 01 the Department of the Dakota, had a similar record. Coppinger receivedhis first commission in an Irish militiaregiment ;he fought as an officer of the Papal army in the campaign 01 1860, and then crossed the Atlantic and fought his way to the rank of general in the Federal army. He was in command of the Department of the Platte when the war with Spain began.

Shaffer, who gave up the command of the Department of California to assume that or the 5th Corps, was also one of the volunteers of the Civil War. He had worked on a farm 13th Regiment, U.S.A. .....1,000 24th Regiment, U.S.A. 1,000 SecondDivision.— Gen.H. W. Lawton commanding.

1st Brigade.— Gen. J.J. Van Horn. 8th Regiment, U.S.A 1,000 22nd Regiment, U.S.A. 1,000 2nd Massachusetts Volunteers ....1,000 2nd Brigade 1st Regiment, U.S.A 1,000 4th Regiment, U.S.A a,000 25th Regiment, U.S.A. 1,000 3rd Brigade.— Gen. A. R. Chaffee. 7th Regiment, U.S.A 1,000 12thRegiment, U.S.A. 1,000 17thRegiment, U.S.A. 1,000 Thiid Division. 1st Brigade.— Gen. H. S. Hawkins commanding.

3rd Regiment, U.S.A. ......1,000 20th Regiment, U.S.A. 1,000