ROOSEVELT'S "ROUGH RIDERS." 291 battle. The Spanish war was to wipe out the memoryof that fratricidal strife,and the " boys inblue" and the " boys in gray " wereto fight under the common flag. On the same day on which President McKinley signed Fitzhugh Lee's commission as a general in the United States army, he sent another general's commission to Joseph Wheeler, another veteran ot the old Confederate army. "Joe " Wheeler, as he was affectionately called by his men, was one of the youngest of the generals of the Confederacy. He hadbeen adashing cavalry leader inthe closing years of the Civil War. The men of the South were delighted at the news that thishero of the old war was to lead the cavalry division in the coming invasionof Cuba.

hunting in the West, and he resolved to form a volunteer cavalry regiment of cow- boys, trappers, hunters, and Indian scouts, with the addition of a number of recruits from the athletic clubs, the college associations, and the wealthy young followers of open-air sport generally. There was a rush to join the "Rough Riders," as Roosevelt's regiment was soonpopularly named, its official title beingthe 1st UnitedStates VolunteerCavalry. For every recruit he accepted he could have had ten for theasking. Never was there a strangergathering than Roosevelt's thousand troopers. In the ranksrough miners andcow-boys from the East rode side by side with the dandiesof New York society. A regularcavalry officer,ColonelWood, wasgiven the command, Roosevelt acting as his second. Grant and Sherman, the great commandersof the North,weregone,but they wererepresented by their sons in the new army. Frederick Grant,formerly a colonel in the regular army, and,later on, United States Ministerat Vienna, was commissioned as colonel of the 14th New York Militia, one of the Brooklyn regiments. Sherman's son was a Catholic priest, but a place was found for him, and Father Thomas Sherman's name appeared in an early gazette as chaplain of the 4th .Missouri Volunteers. The greatmillionaire families took their fair share in the national movement. On the very day war was declared, Miss Helen Gould, the daughter of Jay Gould, of Wall Street fame, wrote to the President, forwarding a cheque for 100,000 dollars in aid of the war fund,and adding that she would send another 100,000 as soon as it was wanted. John Jacob Astor, the head of the Astor family, expended 75,000 dollars in purchasing the guns, horses, and equipments for a battery of quick-firing artillery, with 1 50 gunners and drivers. When the men were enlisted, and all was ready, he was offered the command,but declined it on the ground that he didnot possess thenecessarymilitary experience. He offered his personal services, however, and was commissioned as an officer on the staff, on which he served as a galloper. His cousin, William Astor Chanler,enlisted as a private in a volunteer regiment.

Nor were the women of the United States backwardindoing their part. Everywhere they formed associations for providing help for the wounded and for looking after the families of the poorer soldiers in their absence. Numbers of ladiesof the best familiesnotonly volunteered for service as army nurses, but showed their practical spirit by entering upon a course ol training in the hospitals of the great cities. It must be added, too, that the great employers of labour with few exceptions threw themselves heartily into the movement for lightening the strain on the families of the working classes causedby thecalling out of the volunteers. In many instances they undertook to pay wholly or in part the salaries of their regular employes, whohad gone to the front,during their absence, so that the women andchildren at home might not be in want.

But even with all this enthusiasm and goodwill the organisation of the new army was not carried out without long delays and manydisastrous failures. These were partly the result of inexperience and of the want of any previous organisation for.warin the American army, and to someextent alsoof the interferenceof political interests with what should have been left entirely to the direction of trained soldiers. A number of prominent men who had interest at Washington were commissioned as colonels and commissary-generals, and entrusted with the difficult task ofcollecting and forwardingsupplies to the points of concentration,moving the troops and assembling the transports. For army administration cannot be learned in a day, even by the best ofbusiness men. And these amateurs made a sad series of mistakes. The United Another of the millionaires, Mr. Theodore evelt, raised and equipped a regiment of volunteer cavalry. Before the war he hadbeen Under-Secretaryfor the Navy. He resigned that ion in order to be free for active service at the front. "Ihave talked so much about war," he said, " that now it has come Imust fight." He had spent some years ranching and