END OF THE TEN YEARS' WAR. 209 secured the success of the insurrection. But the terrible fate of the unfortunate filibustering expedition made it more difficult for outside sympathisers to help the insurgents ; and when the collapseof Carlism in1876 left the hands of theMadrid Government free to deal effectually with the trouble in the West Indies, Marshal Martinez Campos was sent to Havana to effect the pacification of Cuba.

■' Thehot rainy summermonths,whenEuropean troopscanhardly march through the "manigua," as the neighbouring Spanish colony of Puerto Rico. In this smallerisland the colonistshad a large share in the direction of their own affairs, whilethe Cubans complained that everypost of profit or power in their own island was given to men sent out from Spain, who knew little and cared less for what would benefit the colony. Other articles promised an amnesty to all who had takenpartin the rebellion, a free passage to another country for those among them who wished to leaveCuba, and freedom for the negro the bush and swamp of the interior of Cuba, and when fever takes its toll of the white men, is the li during which an insurrectionin theisland is always at its strongest.

In the cooler and drier months of the winter campaigning is possible ; and in the winter of 1877-78 .Martinez Campos, at theheadofpicked battalions which had been hardened to war by fierce sighting in the north of Spain, drove the Cuban insurgents from position after positionin the centre of the island. But if the insurrectioncould dragon till May therewas no n why it should not last yet another year, and with American filibu--ters on the coast e year of trouble in the slaves and " Asiaticcolonists" (i.e. coolies) who had joined the insurgent bands. The Convention was made the subject of bitter attacks on Martinez Campos by those Spaniards who thought he had the rebels at his mercy and should not have negotiatedwith them, and on Garcia by those Cuban partisans who held that the fight for the Republic could have been prolonged. They even said that Garcia and his colleagues had been bought.This theMarsha! denied. But it is not at all unlikely that, although there Was no formal and openbribery of the insurgent leaders, some of them were ii to understandthat they would not be the MAXIMO island meant a further danger of complications with the United State-. SoVincenteGarcia,the President of the Cuban Republic," who was in flight through thebush froma lostbattle,received throughone ofhis colleaguesthenot-unwelcome news that the Spanish General was willing to treat with him for thepacification of the island. Under a -ale conduct Garcia met the marshal at the village of Zanjon, and five days later, on February ioth,the document was signed which is officially known as the " Capitulation of Zanjon," but which Cubans prefer to call the "Zanjon Convention." It put an end to the Ten Years' War.

Its first article declared that henceforth Cuba was to be governed under the same conditions losers by the transaction, and that after the Convention was signed money passed in the form of cash, supplied to enable them to go abroador to settle downin Cuba itself. But,as one defender of Martinez Campos has said,even if he did payfor the capitulation, it cost less to Spain than a summer campaign in the Cuban hush.

Some of the irreconcilables held out in the mountains of the eastern provinces between Santiago de Cuba, Holguin, and Bayamo, but the desultory warfare which epded in the winter of 1878-79 (known as the giterra chiquita, "the little war") had only local support. The ers were tired of the long struggle, and while his lieutenant, General Polavieja, was 14