IV. AB. cxxxiii. OF THE SUDAN 73

evil The faithful are pious and the impious are base. Ye are the

children of Adam, [created] of earth." CVIII The Imam Abu el Hasan in explanation of this tradition

says that ghubiyya is so spelt and refers to pride and vain-glory, and that the saying was intended to warn people of being boastful as

[the people of] the days of ignorance were from pride and suchlike and conceit of ancestry.

CIX For, considering that all men alike were formed from the earth that is trodden underfoot, how shall. . . .{Continues as BA, XLii.)

{Then follozc comments and traditions from el Termidhi and

el Khdzin on the subject of man's creation (15 lines), and then a tradition concerning Abu Sufidn, ending as follozvs, i.e. para, ex, etc.)

CX-CXIII Then God revealed this verse and forbade boastful com-

parisons of pedigrees and competition to amass wealth and disdain

of the poor, saying "O people. . . .{Continues as BA, xxii, the quota-

tions and explanations as given being identical. The same strain con-

tinues for i^ pages, and the closing words are as follows, i.e. para, cxiv.) CXIV And thus the honour that comes from piety is the greatest,

so the pious man is better and nobler in God's sight than the man of noble birth [el Sherif], because God said "The noblest of you in God's sight is the most pious of you." CXV El Imam el Khazin expounded this verse and showed by virtue of . . . . {Continues exactly as BA, xxxiii.)

CXVI-CXVIII And lastly he quoted Abu Hurayra as saying that the Prophet. . .was asked "Which. .. .{Continues as BA, xxx\'ii and xxxviii down to ". . .of tnale and female" : the only difference lies in a few grammatical variations. Then, after five lines of explanation of

terms. Chapter V commences as follows, para, cxix.)

CXIX Chapter V, gi\'ing some account of the tribes of the Arabs and Ga'al el Dufar, with an appendix.

CXX-CXXIX Know that God. . .says "And I have made {Here follow BA, xxiii and xxxii in juxtaposition, followed immediately by

BA, xxiv to xxxi. The copies, but for grammatical variations, are identical with the exceptions noted in BA.)

CXXX The learned Muhammad Zaid el Kafuri asked the question

" Is the enslavement of all the Arabs permissible or not? " The cele-

brated answer was that it was [not?] so, and this is the view of Malik and Ahmad, because slaver\' implies deterioration.

CXXXI-CXXXII {As BA, XL VI I and xlviii, zcith the exceptions given in the notes.)

CXXXIII I am not sure of the subdivisions of the seven tribes mentioned because of the variations in the different accounts.