IV. BA. XXV. OF THE SUDAN 41

[. gidhm, e.g. 'Adnan, the forefather of the Ismd'fUtic stocks, or ICahtan, the forefather of the Yemenite stocks. All the Arabs traced descent to one or the other.

2. gumhur. e.g. Ma AD.

3-

sha'b

„ NizAr.

4-

kabila „ MUDR.

5-

'amdra

,, descendants of EL YAs. 6. batn ,, Ken AN A.

7-

fakhdh ,, KURAYSH. 8.

'asMra

„ KUSAI.

9-

faslla „ 'Abd MenAf. 10. raht (a group of less than lo), e.g. Beni HAshim.

Or, "another example":

FiHR = a sha'b. I^USAI =a kabila. HAshim =a 'amdra. 'Ali =a batn.

el IJasan =a fakhdh etc.

The names of the forefathers given do not form an unbroken Une of pedigree in either case.

Wiistenfeld's quotation from " 'Obaydulla," though short, contains two of the stock quotations found in BA and AB, viz. the one to the effect that

any pedigree traced beyond 'Adnan is spurious, and the other "I have created you male and female and made you. . ., etc." (see paras, xxii and XXIIl).

XXIV The Arabic for what I have translated "The sources of the tribes"

is J.5Li)l ^|j {lit. "the heads of the tribes"). "'Obaydulla" likewise employs a simile on these lines.

With him

/ sha'b corresponds to the head kabila ,, ,, breast

amara

I batn 1 fakhdh 'ashira

fasila \ raht

hand stomach liver two legs

foot toes

Of the above terms kabila is the only one commonly used in the Sudan. The usual terms for subdivisions of the kahila are hashim-

bayt {pi. hashimbuyut), a house-group, fera'a {pi. feru'a), a branch, hadana {pi. badandt), properly a trunk, and occasionally rdkuba {pi. ruwdkib), an offshoot. In Kordofan badana is used (by the western tribes) to denote the main subdivisions of the tribe. The other terms

are all used loosely: hashimbayt is of general use; fera'a is less technical, and rdkuba is rare and literary. On this subject see Jaussen, pp. 112-114.

After JSUaJI ^^^jj BA rightly gives JjU ("such as"): AB by mistake gives i>.« ("from"). XXV MS. No. 3 also omits the Oj>- AB inserts it.